The Ultimate Guide to Metal Detectors

Metal detectors are fascinating tools that have revolutionized the field of treasure hunting. These devices use electromagnetic fields to detect the presence of metal objects buried beneath the surface of the ground. Metal detecting has become a popular hobby for many people, as it offers the thrill of discovering hidden treasures and artifacts. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the different types of metal detectors, features to consider when purchasing one, the best metal detectors for beginners and advanced users, metal detecting tips and techniques, how to choose the best metal detector for your needs, must-have accessories and gear, and the laws and regulations surrounding metal detecting.

best metal detector

Before we delve into the details, let's understand how metal detectors work. Metal detectors consist of a handheld unit with a control box and a search coil. The control box contains the electronic circuitry, batteries, and controls, while the search coil emits an electromagnetic field and detects any changes in that field caused by metallic objects.

When the search coil passes over a metal object, it creates eddy currents within the metal. These eddy currents produce their own magnetic field, which interferes with the original electromagnetic field emitted by the metal detector. The metal detector's receiver coil picks up this interference and alerts the user through an audible tone or a visual display.

Now that we have a basic understanding of how metal detectors work, let's explore the various types of metal detectors available in the market.

Metal detectors can be categorized into different types based on their operating principles and intended use. The most common types are Very Low Frequency (VLF) metal detectors, Pulse Induction (PI) metal detectors, Beat Frequency Oscillation (BFO) metal detectors, multi-frequency metal detectors, and underwater metal detectors.

Types of Metal Detectors

Very Low Frequency (VLF) metal detectors are the most popular and widely used type. They operate by producing electromagnetic fields with two coils - the transmitter coil and the receiver coil. The transmitter coil creates a magnetic field, and when it encounters a metal object, it induces a magnetic field in the object. The receiver coil detects this change in the magnetic field and alerts the user. VLF metal detectors are versatile and can discriminate between different types of metals.

Pulse Induction (PI) metal detectors use single coils to generate short bursts of current that create a magnetic field. When the magnetic field is turned off, any magnetic field disturbance caused by metal objects decays quickly. PI metal detectors are ideal for deep-sea diving and searching for deeply buried objects, as they are less affected by mineralized soils and underwater environments.

Beat Frequency Oscillation (BFO) metal detectors are the simplest and most affordable type. They use two coils, one for transmitting and one for receiving. BFO detectors work by detecting the difference in frequency between the two coils, which changes when the coils encounter a metal object. They are suitable for beginners and casual users due to their simplicity and ease of use.

Multi-frequency metal detectors can operate at different frequencies, allowing them to detect a wider range of metals. They are versatile and can be used in various environments. These detectors offer excellent target identification capabilities and are preferred by advanced users.

Underwater metal detectors are specifically designed for searching in rivers, lakes, and oceans. They are waterproof and can operate at different depths underwater. These detectors have specialized features such as ground balance adjustments for mineralized environments and waterproof headphones.

Features to Consider

When choosing a metal detector, there are several important features to consider that will impact your detecting experience.

Detection depth refers to how deep the metal detector can detect objects. It depends on factors such as the size of the object and the conductivity of the soil. If you plan on searching for deeply buried treasures, look for a detector with greater detection depth.

Discrimination modes allow the detector to differentiate between different types of metals. This feature is helpful in avoiding unwanted targets such as nails and bottle caps. Look for a detector with adjustable discrimination modes.

Target ID is the ability of the detector to identify the type of metal based on audio or visual cues. A good target ID system helps you determine whether the detected object is worth digging for. Look for detectors with accurate and reliable target ID capabilities.

Sensitivity refers to the ability of the detector to detect small or low-conductivity targets. A more sensitive detector can detect smaller or deeper objects. However, high sensitivity may also result in false signals from mineralized soils. It is essential to find the right balance for your detecting needs.

Ground balance is crucial, especially in mineralized soils that can cause false signals. Some detectors have automatic ground balancing, while others allow manual adjustment. Consider the ground conditions in your detecting area and choose a detector with suitable ground balance capabilities.

Coil size and shape affect the detection capabilities and maneuverability of the detector. Larger coils provide greater depth detection but can be less sensitive to small targets. Smaller coils offer better target separation but have reduced depth capabilities. Choose a coil size that suits your detecting goals and environment.

Weight and ergonomics are important considerations, especially if you plan on using the detector for long periods. Look for a detector that is lightweight and has adjustable features, such as the length of the shaft and armrest, to ensure a comfortable detecting experience.

Price range is a crucial factor for many people. Set a budget and look for detectors that offer the features and performance you require within your price range. It is advisable to invest in a quality detector that suits your needs, as it will enhance your detecting experience.

Best Metal Detectors for Beginners

Garrett ACE 300: The Garrett ACE 300 is a fantastic entry-level metal detector that offers excellent performance and features. It has a digital target ID, adjustable discrimination, and multiple search modes. The ACE 300 is user-friendly and provides accurate target identification.

Bounty Hunter TK4 Tracker IV: The Bounty Hunter TK4 Tracker IV is a popular choice for beginners due to its simplicity and affordability. It has a two-tone audio, discrimination control, and can detect in extreme ground conditions. The TK4 Tracker IV is rugged and easy to use.

Minelab Vanquish 340: The Minelab Vanquish 340 is a lightweight and entry-level metal detector that offers great value for money. It features multi-IQ technology, adjustable sensitivity, and discrimination. The Vanquish 340 is easy to operate and suitable for all ages.

Fisher F22: The Fisher F22 is a versatile metal detector that is perfect for beginners. It has a weatherproof design, adjustable sensitivity, and a large LCD screen. The F22 offers excellent performance in different terrains and has a lightweight construction.

Tesoro Compadre: The Tesoro Compadre is a simple and affordable metal detector that is ideal for beginners. It has a turn-on-and-go operation, adjustable discrimination, and a compact design. The Compadre is lightweight and offers excellent target separation.

Best Metal Detectors for Advanced Users

Minelab Equinox 800: The Minelab Equinox 800 is a high-performance metal detector suited for experienced users. It features multi-frequency technology, advanced target identification, and customizable search modes. The Equinox 800 provides superior depth and accuracy.

Garrett AT Pro: The Garrett AT Pro is a versatile and durable metal detector favored by advanced users. It has a waterproof design, excellent target separation, and adjustable ground balance. The AT Pro offers high detection capabilities in various environments.

XP Deus: The XP Deus is a lightweight and wireless metal detector that offers advanced features. It has multiple frequency settings, fast recovery speed, and customizable programs. The Deus provides exceptional performance and is highly adjustable.

Fisher F75: The Fisher F75 is a high-quality metal detector known for its sensitivity and depth capabilities. It features advanced target separation, multiple search modes, and a large LCD screen. The F75 is suitable for challenging detecting conditions.

Metal Detecting Tips and Techniques

Choosing the right search coil can greatly impact your detecting success. Different coil sizes and shapes offer varying benefits, such as depth detection or target separation. Consider the terrain and targets you'll be searching for when selecting a coil.

Understanding different tones and signals is crucial for identifying the type of metal detected. Spend time learning the audio cues and practicing with known objects to develop your skills in target identification.

Proper ground balancing is essential, especially in mineralized soils. Adjusting the ground balance settings on your detector helps minimize false signals caused by ground minerals and improves target detection.

Effective target recovery techniques involve using a handheld pinpointer to locate the exact position of the detected target. Carefully dig and remove soil to avoid damaging the target, and fill any holes you dig to leave the area undisturbed.

Researching and locating potential hotspots can significantly improve your chances of finding valuable treasures. Study historical records, maps, and speak to local experts or experienced detectorists to identify areas with high potential for finds.

Always prioritize safety when metal detecting. Use appropriate protective gear, such as gloves and kneepads, and be aware of potential hazards such as wildlife, unstable terrain, and inclement weather. Obtain any required permissions or permits when searching on private property or protected areas.

How to Choose the Best Metal Detector for Your Needs

Define your metal detecting goals. Are you interested in finding coins, relics, jewelry, or all of the above? Understanding your goals will help narrow down the features and capabilities you require in a metal detector.

Consider your budget. Metal detectors range in price from affordable entry-level models to high-end professional detectors. Set a budget and prioritize features that are essential for your detecting needs.

Evaluate the terrain you'll be detecting in. Different environments, such as parks, beaches, or forests, have varying challenges and target types. Choose a detector that suits the terrain you plan on exploring.

Determine the types of targets you're interested in. Some detectors are specialized for specific types of objects, such as gold nuggets or underwater relics. Select a detector that excels in detecting the types of targets you're most interested in.

Look for user-friendly and adjustable settings. A metal detector with intuitive controls and adjustable features, such as sensitivity and discrimination, allows you to customize your detecting experience and adapt to different situations.

Read reviews and seek expert recommendations. Researching online reviews and seeking advice from experienced detectorists can provide valuable insights into the performance and reliability of different metal detectors.

Metal Detecting Accessories and Gear

Pinpointers: Pinpointers are handheld devices used to precisely locate the position of a detected object within a hole. They help speed up target recovery and minimize damage to the objects.

Digging tools: Digging tools such as shovels, trowels, and scoops are essential for excavation. Choose durable and lightweight tools that are suitable for the type of soil you'll be digging in.

Headphones: Headphones are recommended for metal detecting to enhance audio signals and block out background noise. Look for headphones with good sound quality and comfortable ear cups.

Carrying bags and cases: Carrying bags and cases keep your metal detector and accessories organized and protected during transportation. Look for bags with padded compartments and sturdy construction.

Coil covers: Coil covers protect the search coil from scratches, debris, and wear. They can extend the lifespan of the coil and improve its performance.

Rain covers: Rain covers protect your metal detector from moisture and rain. They are especially important if your detector is not waterproof or water-resistant.

Armrest straps: Armrest straps provide additional support and stability while detecting. They help reduce fatigue and ensure a secure grip on the detector.

Extra batteries: Always carry spare batteries to avoid running out of power during your detecting sessions. Make sure to choose batteries compatible with your detector.

Metal Detecting Laws and Regulations

Know the laws in your country or state regarding metal detecting. Some countries or states have specific regulations and restrictions on where and how you can metal detect. Familiarize yourself with these laws to avoid legal issues.

Obtain necessary permits or licenses if required. In certain areas, you may need to obtain permits or licenses to metal detect legally. Check with the local authorities or landowners to understand the requirements.

Respect private property rights. Always seek permission from the landowner before metal detecting on private property. Leave the area as you found it and fill any holes you dig.

Fill any holes you dig during your detecting sessions. The ethical practice of metal detecting involves leaving the digging area undisturbed and filling any holes you create. This helps preserve the environment and maintains positive relationships with landowners.

Report valuable finds to authorities if required. Some countries have laws or regulations requiring the reporting of valuable or historically significant finds. Cooperate with local authorities and follow the prescribed procedures for reporting such discoveries.